Malaquita

Características generales

Datos generales

Fórmula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Sistema de cristalización: Monoclínico
Lustre: Vítreo, sedoso
Color: Verde
Dureza: 3,5-4
Rareza: común
Características distintivas: Color, dureza, asociaciones y reacción al ácido.

La malaquita es un carbonato hidratado de cobre que cristaliza en el sistema monoclínico. Aparte de ser el mineral secundario de cobre más común, es sin duda es uno de los materiales ornamentales más importantes. Basta recordar las espléndidas columnas que hay en la iglesia de San Isaac en San Petersburgo o las que pertenecieron al templo de Diana de Éfeso, que en la actualidad se encuentran en Santa Sofía de Estambul. En 1835, cerca de Nizni Tagli, en los Urales septentrionales, se encontró un bloque de malaquita de un peso estimado entre 25 y 30 toneladas, utilizado posteriormente por los lapidarios del zar. Ha sido encontrada en numerosos yacimientos arqueológicos asiáticos y europeos en forma de fragmentos pulidos y perforados, de hace unos 8000 años.

Fotografías

Puedes ver 8 fotografías de Malaquita en su galería de fotografías.

Boinás

Mina Coriellu, Llerandi

Vegadeo

Congo, , , Mashamba, Katanga

Congo, , , Mashamba, Katanga

Estados Unidos, , , Planet Mine, La Paz County, Arizona

Estados Unidos, , , Planet Mine, La Paz County, Arizona

Estados Unidos, , , Planet Mine, La Paz County, Arizona

Clasificación

Estado IMA: Válido. Descrito con antelación a 1959 (pre-IMA), se considera un mineral clásico o histórico (grandfathered)

Nickel-Strunz : 05.BA.10

5: Carbonatos (nitratos)
05.B: Carbonatos con aniones adicionales, sin H2O
05.BA: Con Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn

Dana 8th ed. : 16a.3.2.1

Etimología:

Deriva de la palabra griega malache que significa malva, por alusión a su color verde.

Formación y ambiente

La malaquita se forma predominantemente en la zona de alteración superficial de los yacimientos de cobre debido a la precipitación del compuesto a partir de aguas ricas en carbonato de calcio e iones de cobre, estos últimos derivados de la alteración y disolución de sulfuros y óxido de cobre.

Gossans, secundario

Propiedades fisicas

Hábito: La malaquita se presenta normalmente en masas botroidales y estalactíticas o en costras; suelen presentar una estructura en bandas con disposición fibrosa radiada, zonada o concéntrico, en masas de espesores variados desde pocos milímetros hasta algunos decímetros. Raramente aparece en cristales.

Lustre: Vítreo, sedoso

Transparencia: Translúcido, Opaco

Color: Verde

Color en sección fina: Incolora

Raya: Verde clara

Dureza (Mohs): 3,5-4

Tenacidad: Frágil

Exfoliación::

Primera exfoliación: Perfecta en [201]
Segunda exfoliación: Perfecta en [010]
Tercera exfoliación: Perfecta

Fractura: Desigual

Densidad: 3,6-4 g/cm³ (medida) | 4,03 g/cm³ (calculada)

Cristalografía

Sistema cristalino: Monoclínico

Clase (H-M): 2m (2/m) - Prismática

Grupo espacial: P2(1)/a

Parámetros de la celda: a=9,502Å b=11,974Å c=3,24Å

Estructura del cristal: β=98,75º

Volumen de unidad de celda: V 364,35Å

Z: 4

Difracción de Rayos X:

Difracción de Rayos X
D(hkl)	Intensidad
2,857	100
3,693	85
5,055	75

Propiedades ópticas

Tipo: Biaxial (-)

Valores RI: n_α= 1,655; n_β= 1,875; n_γ= 1,909

2V: medida: 43º

Máxima birrefringencia: δ = 0,254

Dispersión: Moderada, r<v

Pleocroismo: Pleiocroico

X: Casi incoloro
Y: Verde amarillento
Z: Verde oscuro

Reflectancia:

Reflectancia
D(hkl)	Intensidad
470.0	6,45
546.0	6,3
589.0	6,15
650.0	5,9

Propiedades químicas

Fórmula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

Elementos químicos: Cu, C, O, H

Composición química: H: 0,91%, CO3: 27,13%, O: 36,18%, C: 5,43%, Cu: 57,48%,

Tests químicos

Fusibilidad: 2; Mineral tipo: Natrolita; Punto de fusión: 800ºC; Funde con mechero de gas
Reacción a los ácidos: Se disuelve con efervescencia en ácido clorhídrico.
Color de la llama: Verde
Formación de sublimados: Se funde en glóbulos metálicos

Relaciones con otros minerales

Minerales acompañantes:

Antlerita

Sulfatos
Fórmula: Cu₃(SO₄)(OH)₄
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 3-4
Raya: Verde pálido
Brillo: Vítreo

Atacamita

Haluros
Fórmula: Cu₂(OH)₃Cl
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 3-3,5
Color: Verde brillante, de verde esmeralda oscuro a verde negruzco.
Raya: Verde manzana
Brillo: Adamantino

Auricalcita

Carbonatos y nitratos
Fórmula: (Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
Sistema de cristalización: Monoclínico
Dureza: 1-2
Color: De azul a verde claro.
Raya: Azul clara
Brillo: Perlado

Azurita

Carbonatos y nitratos
Fórmula: Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
Sistema de cristalización: Monoclínico
Dureza: 3,5-4
Color: Azul claro, azul oscuro, azul.
Raya: Azul clara
Brillo: Vítreo

Bornita

Sulfuros y sulfosales
Fórmula: Cu₅FeS₄
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 3
Color: En superficie reciente es de color bronce pardo, pero al ser expuesta al aire se cubre rápidamente con una pátina jaspeada, púrpura y azulada (por eso se llama también mineral de pavo), y finalmente casi negra.
Raya: Negro grisáceo
Brillo: Metálico

Brochantita

Sulfatos
Fórmula: Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
Sistema de cristalización: Monoclínico
Dureza: 3,5-4
Color: Verde, verde esmeralda o negro.
Raya: Verde pálido
Brillo: Vítreo - perlado

Calcita

Carbonatos y nitratos
Fórmula: CaCO₃
Sistema de cristalización: Trigonal
Dureza: 3
Color: Incoloro puro; ofrece varias tonalidades de gris, amarillo, marrón, rojo, verde, azul y negro cuando hay impurezas presentes
Raya: Blanco
Brillo: Vítreo

Chalcophyllita

Fosfatos, arsenatos y vanadatos
Fórmula: Cu₁₈Al₂(SO₄)₃(AsO₄)₃(OH)₂₄·36H₂O
Sistema de cristalización: Trigonal
Dureza: 2
Color: Verde esmeralda, verde botella, azul verdoso, azul.
Raya: Verde pálido
Brillo: Vítreo - perlado

Calcopirita

Sulfuros y sulfosales
Fórmula: CuFeS₂
Sistema de cristalización: Tetragonal
Dureza: 3,5-4
Color: Amarillo-latón, a menudo con iridiscencias
Raya: Negra verdosa
Brillo: Metálico

Chalcosiderita

Fosfatos, arsenatos y vanadatos
Fórmula: Cu(Fe³⁺,Al)₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O
Sistema de cristalización: Triclínico
Dureza: 4,5
Raya: Blanco
Brillo: Vítreo

Crisocola

Silicatos
Fórmula: Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄·nH₂O
Sistema de cristalización: Monoclínico
Dureza: 2.5-3.5
Color: Verde a azul, a veces pardo
Raya: Verde clara
Brillo: Vítreo plomizo

Clinoclasa

Fosfatos, arsenatos y vanadatos
Fórmula: Cu₃(AsO₄)(OH)₃
Sistema de cristalización: Monoclínico
Dureza: 2,5-3
Color: Azul, azul verdoso, verde negruzco oscuro, verde azulado.
Raya: Verde azulada
Brillo: Vítreo - perlado

Conichalcita

Fosfatos, arsenatos y vanadatos
Fórmula: CaCu(AsO₄)(OH)
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 4,5
Raya: Verde clara
Brillo: Vítreo - graso

Cobre

Elementos nativos
Fórmula: Cu
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Dureza: 2,5-3
Color: Rojo cobre
Raya: Rosa
Brillo: Metálico

Cornetita

Fosfatos, arsenatos y vanadatos
Fórmula: Cu₃(PO₄)(OH)₃
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 4,5
Raya: Azul
Brillo: Vítreo

Cuprita

Óxidos
Fórmula: Cu₂O
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Dureza: 3,5-4
Color: Rojo, rojo púrpura, rojo pardusco o negro
Raya: Roja pardusca
Brillo: Adamantino

Duftita

Fosfatos, arsenatos y vanadatos
Fórmula: PbCu(AsO₄)(OH)
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 4.5
Color: Verde oliva, verde grisáceo
Raya: Verde pálido, blanca
Brillo: Subvítreo, resinoso, plomizo, céreo

Goethita

Óxidos
Fórmula: α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 5-5,5
Color: De amarillento a rojizo, marrón oscuro y casi negro
Raya: Pardo amarillenta
Brillo: Adamantino - sedoso

Graemita

Óxidos
Fórmula: Cu[TeO₃]·H₂O
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 3-3,5
Color: Verde o verde azulado
Brillo: Vítreo

Kolwezita

Carbonatos y nitratos
Fórmula: (Cu,Co)₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Sistema de cristalización: Triclínico
Dureza: 4
Brillo: Vítreo

Libethenita

Fosfatos, arsenatos y vanadatos
Fórmula: Cu₂(PO₄)(OH)
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 4
Raya: Verde clara
Brillo: Vítreo - graso

Limonita

Óxidos
Fórmula: FeO(OH)·nH₂O
Sistema de cristalización: Amorfo
Dureza: 5-5,5
Color: Pardo
Raya: Pardo amarillenta
Brillo: Adamantino - sedoso

Liroconita

Fosfatos, arsenatos y vanadatos
Fórmula: Cu₂Al(AsO₄)(OH)₄·4H₂O
Sistema de cristalización: Monoclínico
Dureza: 2-2,5
Raya: Azul clara
Brillo: Vítreo - resinoso

Mixita

Fosfatos, arsenatos y vanadatos
Fórmula: BiCu₆(AsO₄)₃(OH)₆·3H₂O
Sistema de cristalización: Hexagonal
Dureza: 3-4
Color: De verde azulado a verde esmeralda, verde pálido o blanco.
Raya: Verde pálido
Brillo: Adamantino

Mottramita

Fosfatos, arsenatos y vanadatos
Fórmula: PbCu(VO₄)(OH)
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 3-3,5
Brillo: Graso - aceitoso

Cuarzo

Óxidos
Fórmula: SiO₂
Sistema de cristalización: Trigonal
Dureza: 7
Color: Blanco, transparente. Según variación también puede ser rosa, rojizo o negro.
Raya: Blanco
Brillo: Vítreo

Rosasita

Carbonatos y nitratos
Fórmula: (Cu,Zn)₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Sistema de cristalización: Monoclínico
Dureza: 4
Color: De verde a azul verdoso, en ocasiones azul cielo
Raya: Azul clara
Brillo: Vítreo, sedoso

Shattuckita

Silicatos
Fórmula: Cu₅(Si₂O₆)₂(OH)₂
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 3.5
Color: Azul claro u oscuro.
Raya: Azul pálido
Brillo: Vítreo

Sphaerocobaltita

Carbonatos y nitratos
Fórmula: CoCO3
Sistema de cristalización: Trigonal
Dureza: 3-4
Brillo: Vítreo - adamantino

Yacimientos y localidades de interés

Yacimientos:

En otros tiempos la malaquita fue explotada en los Montes Urales y en Egipto. En la actualidad procede de Australi, Zaire, Arizona, Francia y Alemania. En España Aparece con pirita en los Montes de Picón en Pino (La Coruña), Monforte (Lugo) y Villarín (Orense), en Onís, la Sierra del Aramo, Cabrales e Inflesto en Asturias; importantes yacimientos de malaquita acompañan a minerales de zinc en Soto y Reinosa (Cantabria); en masas concrecionadas de hermosos cristales radiados en Villamanín (León), importantes son las minas de Estalaya y Baños de Cerrato, en Palencia. Excelentes ejemplares se han extraído en Linares. De forma fibrosa en Hinojosa del Duque y Torrecampo (Córdoba), Aznalcollar, Guillena y Peñaflor (Sevilla), Ríotinto y Tharsis (Huelva), Motril y Molvizar (Granada) y Fondón (Almería), en donde se halla en cristales tabulares formando drusas. Con cinabrio en Notaez (Granada) y cerca de Maro (Málaga). En sierra de Almagrera en el Barranco del Jaroso, Cerro Minado, en Huércal Overa, Sierra Enmedio, Gran Bacares y Sierra de los Filabres (Almería) se han encontrado masas fibrosas de este mineral acompañando a las menas de cobre allí existentes.

Localidades

Cerro Blanco pegmatites, Cordoba, Argentina
Cerro Blanco pegmatites, Cordoba, Argentina
Cerro Blanco pegmatites, Cordoba, Argentina
Cerro Blanco pegmatites, Cordoba, Argentina
Mt Isa Mine, Mt Isa, Queensland, Australia
Mt Lyell, Tasmania and Tingha, New South Wales, Australia
Mt Cobalt, Queensland, Australia
Wallaroo mines, South Australia, Australia
Great Australia mine, Cloncurry, Mt Isa/Cloncurry region, Queensland, Australia
Whim Creek, Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Mineral Hill, Condobalin, New South Wales, Australia
Lake Boga quarry, Victoria, Australia
Kara mine, Hampshire, Tasmania, Australia
Proprietary mine, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia
Browns Claim, Rum Jungle, Northern Territory, Australia
Burra Burra mine, Burra, South Australia, Australia
Claim 84, Anticline prospect, Ashburton Downs, Western Australia, Australia
Claim 84, Anticline prospect, Ashburton Downs, Western Australia, Australia
Burra Burra mine, Burra, South Australia, Australia
Mt Bischoff, Waratah, Tasmania, Australia
Morass Creek, Benambra, Victoria, Australia
Great Australia mine, Cloncurry, Mt Isa/Cloncurry region, Queensland, Australia
Wallaroo mines, South Australia, Australia
Whim Creek, Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Mt Lyell, Tasmania and Tingha, New South Wales, Australia
Mt Isa Mine, Mt Isa, Queensland, Australia
Mt Cobalt, Queensland, Australia
Mt Bischoff, Waratah, Tasmania, Australia
Morass Creek, Benambra, Victoria, Australia
Colebrook Hill, Rosebery, Tasmania, Australia
Claim 84, Anticline prospect, Ashburton Downs, Western Australia, Australia
Burra Burra mine, Burra, South Australia, Australia
Colebrook Hill, Rosebery, Tasmania, Australia
Browns Claim, Rum Jungle, Northern Territory, Australia
Proprietary mine, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia
Kara mine, Hampshire, Tasmania, Australia
Lake Boga quarry, Victoria, Australia
Mineral Hill, Condobalin, New South Wales, Australia
Colebrook Hill, Rosebery, Tasmania, Australia
Browns Claim, Rum Jungle, Northern Territory, Australia
Claim 84, Anticline prospect, Ashburton Downs, Western Australia, Australia
Burra Burra mine, Burra, South Australia, Australia
Colebrook Hill, Rosebery, Tasmania, Australia
Browns Claim, Rum Jungle, Northern Territory, Australia
Proprietary mine, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia
Kara mine, Hampshire, Tasmania, Australia
Lake Boga quarry, Victoria, Australia
Mineral Hill, Condobalin, New South Wales, Australia
Morass Creek, Benambra, Victoria, Australia
Mt Bischoff, Waratah, Tasmania, Australia
Mt Cobalt, Queensland, Australia
Mt Isa Mine, Mt Isa, Queensland, Australia
Mt Lyell, Tasmania and Tingha, New South Wales, Australia
Whim Creek, Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Wallaroo mines, South Australia, Australia
Great Australia mine, Cloncurry, Mt Isa/Cloncurry region, Queensland, Australia
Mt Lyell, Tasmania and Tingha, New South Wales, Australia
Mt Isa Mine, Mt Isa, Queensland, Australia
Mt Bischoff, Waratah, Tasmania, Australia
Whim Creek, Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia
Wallaroo mines, South Australia, Australia
Great Australia mine, Cloncurry, Mt Isa/Cloncurry region, Queensland, Australia
Morass Creek, Benambra, Victoria, Australia
Mineral Hill, Condobalin, New South Wales, Australia
Lake Boga quarry, Victoria, Australia
Kara mine, Hampshire, Tasmania, Australia
Proprietary mine, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia
Mt Cobalt, Queensland, Australia
Rauris valley, Salzburg, Austria
Schwaz-Brixlegg, Tyrol, Austria
Rauris valley, Salzburg, Austria
Walchen slags, Öblarn, Liezen, Steiermark, Austria
Obergreuth, Mallestiger Mittagskogel, Finkenstein, Villach, Kärnten, Austria
Annaberg, Lower Austria, Austria
Schellgaden, Salzburg, Austria
Neufinkenstein-Grabanz, Mallestiger Mittagskogel, Finkenstein, Villach, Kärnten, Austria
Brixlegg, Tyrol, Austria
Obergreuth, Mallestiger Mittagskogel, Finkenstein, Villach, Kärnten, Austria
Walchen slags, Öblarn, Liezen, Steiermark, Austria
Rauris valley, Salzburg, Austria
Obergreuth, Mallestiger Mittagskogel, Finkenstein, Villach, Kärnten, Austria
Annaberg, Lower Austria, Austria
Brixlegg, Tyrol, Austria
Neufinkenstein-Grabanz, Mallestiger Mittagskogel, Finkenstein, Villach, Kärnten, Austria
Schwaz-Brixlegg, Tyrol, Austria
Schellgaden, Salzburg, Austria
Walchen slags, Öblarn, Liezen, Steiermark, Austria
Rauris valley, Salzburg, Austria
Schellgaden, Salzburg, Austria
Schwaz-Brixlegg, Tyrol, Austria
Annaberg, Lower Austria, Austria
Brixlegg, Tyrol, Austria
Neufinkenstein-Grabanz, Mallestiger Mittagskogel, Finkenstein, Villach, Kärnten, Austria
Schwaz-Brixlegg, Tyrol, Austria
Schellgaden, Salzburg, Austria
Walchen slags, Öblarn, Liezen, Steiermark, Austria
Obergreuth, Mallestiger Mittagskogel, Finkenstein, Villach, Kärnten, Austria
Annaberg, Lower Austria, Austria
Brixlegg, Tyrol, Austria
Neufinkenstein-Grabanz, Mallestiger Mittagskogel, Finkenstein, Villach, Kärnten, Austria
Argenteau, Liege, Walloon Brabant, Belgium
Corocoro, Pacajes, La Paz, Bolivia
El Dragón mine, Quijarro, Potosí Dept, Bolivia
Seabra, Bahia, Brazil
Boqueirãozinho pegmatite, Parelhas, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Evans-Lou pegmatite, near St-Pierre-de-Wakefield, Portland Twp., Papineau Co., Québec, Canada
Lac Nicolet mine, Ham Sud, Wolfe Co., Québec, Canada
Port Radium, Northwest Territories, Canada
Guangdong, Sichuan Province, China
Hütte, Príbram, Stredocesky, Czech Republic
Horni Slavkov, Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic
Litce nad Orlici, Vychodocesky, Czech Republic
Krasna Hora nad Vltavou, Príbram, Stredocesky, Czech Republic
Krupka, Krusne Hory, Vychodocesky, Czech Republic
Borovec, Zdar nad Sazavou, Maehren, Czech Republic
Doubravice, Jicin, Vychodocesky, Czech Republic
Alexander Gallery, Vrancice, Príbram, Stredocesky, Czech Republic
Moldava, Teplice, Krusne Hory, Vychodocesky, Czech Republic
Zálesí deposit, Javorník, Moravia, Czech Republic
Studenec, Jilemnice, Vychodocesky, Czech Republic
Geevor mine, Trewellard, St. Just, Cornwall, England
Force Crag Mine, Keswick, Cumbria, England
Goldscope Mine, Newlands Valley, Cumbria, England
Glenderaterra Mine, Threlkeld, Cumbria, England
Engine Vein, Alderley Edge, Shropshire, England
Gipsy Lane Brickpit, Leicestershire, England
Tynebottom mine, Garrigill, Cumbria, England
Seathwaite Mine, Seathwaite Tarn. Conist, Cumbria, England
Wheal Drea, St. Just, Cornwall, England
Todd Gill, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Wheal Cock, Botallack, St. Just., Cornwall, England
Smittergill Head Mine, Cumbria, England
Wheal Buller, Redruth, Illogan, Cornwall, England
Ecton Hill,Clayton Adi, Ecton Hill, Staffordshire, England
Anty Cross Mine, Dalton in Furness, Cumbria, England
Higher Roughton Gill, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Dry Gill mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Great Sled Dale, Swaledale, Yorkshire, England
Greystones quarry, Lezant, Cornwall, England
Hope's Nose, Tor Bay, Torquay, Devon, England
Gunheath China Clay Pit, Stenalees, St.Austell, Cornwall, England
Gunheath pit, Bugle, Hensbarrow Moor, Cornwall, England
Judkins quarry, Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England, England
Ladywell mine, Shelve, Shropshire, England
Ingray Gill, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Graphite Mine, Seathwaite, Cumbria, England
Eskett mine, Cumbria, England
Eagle Crag Mine, Patterdale, Cumbria, England
Weardale, Co. Durham, England
Trevinnick mine, St. Kew, Cornwall, England
Wood mine, Alderley Edge, Cheshire, England
Tilberthwaite Gill, Tilberthwaite, Cumbria, England
Stoneycroft smelter, Braithwaite, Cumbria, England
Slayley Quarry, Bonsal, Derbyshire, England
Wheal Gorland, Gwennap, Cornwall, England
Wheal Unity, Gwinear, Cornwall, England
Wheal Phoenix, Linkinhorne, Cornwall, England
Wheal Friendship, Mary Tavy, Devon, England
Smallcleugh mine, Nenthead, Cumbria, England
Silver Gill, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Wheal Jewel, Gwennap, Cornwall, England
Ting-Tang mine, Gwennap, Cornwall, England
Stormy point, Alderly Edge, Cheshire, England
Yewthwaite Mine, Newlands Valley, Cumbria, England
Thief Gills, Roughtongill, Cumbria, England
Waterbank mine, Ecton, Staffordshire, England
Wetgrooves Mine, Aysgarth, Yorkshire, England
Wet Smale Gill, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Vale Road Quarry, Mansfield Woodhouse, Nottinghamshire, England
West Pastures Mine, Stanhope, Weardale, Co. Durham, England
West Mine, Alderley Edge, Cheshire, England
Shap Blue Quarry, Shap, Cumbria, England
West Caradon mine, St. Cleer, Cornwall, England
Shap Pink Quarry, Shap, Cumbria, England
Sea Wood Mine, Bardsea, Ulverstone, Cumbria, England
Wheal Bassett, Redruth, Illogan, Cornwall, England
South Caradon mine, St. Cleer, Cornwall, England
Wheal Unity, Gwennap, Cornwall, England
Higher Pitts mine, Priddy, Mendip Hills, Somerset, England
Mexico mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Isolation Mine, Snelstone Nr Ashbourne, Derbyshire, England
Mottram St.Andrew, Alderley Edge, Cheshire, England
Millrigg Mine, Staveley, Cumbria, England
Lanterdan quarry, Treknow, Tintagel, Cornwall, England
New Cliffe Hill quarry, Markfield, Leicestershire, England
New East Wheal Russel, near Tavistock, Devon, England
New Venture Level, Alderly Edge, Cheshire, England
Newdigate Colliery, Nr. Bedworth, Warwickshire, England
Middleton Common, Middleton-by-Youlgreave, Derbyshire, England
Myers Head Mine, Hartsop, Cumbria, England
Colemans Quarry, Holwell, Nr. Frome, Somerset, England
Bannerdale Graphite Mine, Mungrisdale, Cumbria, England
Polzeath Consols, St. Minver, Cornwall, England
Potts Gill Copper Mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Roughton Gill Mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Loe Warren zawn, Botallack, St. Just, Cornwall, England
Low Pike Vein, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Low Pike north slopes, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Levers Water, Coniston, Cumbria, England
Paddy End Mine, Coniston, Cumbria, England
Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, England
Penhale mine, St. Cleer, Cornwall, England
Penhale mine, Wadebridge, Cornwall, England
Old Gunnislake mine, Calstock, Cornwall, England
Open cast Mine, Alderly Edge, Cheshire, England
Old Sandbeds Mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Old Potts Gill mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Bampfylde Mine, Heasley Mill, Devon, England
Clevedon Beach, Somerset, England
Bonsall Moor Quarry, Winster, Derbyshire, England
Brandy Gill Lead mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Brae Fell mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Batts Coombe Quarry, Cheddar, Somerset, England
Carrock End mine (Queen mine), Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Carn Brea, Camborne, Illogan, Cornwall, England
Bin Combe, Bridgewater, Somerset, England
Carrock mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Cannington Park Quarry, Bridgewater, Somerset, England
Carharrack mine, St Day, Gwennap, Cornwall, England
Hilton mine, Scordale, Cumbria, England
Hay Gill Copper mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Herodsfoot mine, Lanreath, Cornwall, England
Black Scar Workings, Levers Water, Cumbria, England
Brandelhow Mine, Brandlehow, Cumbria, England
Barden Hill Quarry, Coalville, Leicestershire, England
Dodington mine, Bridgewater, Somerset, England
Dolcoath mine, Camborne, Illogan, Cornwall, England
Doc Mine, Stormy Point, Alderley Edge, Cheshire, England
Driggith Mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
Coniston Copper Mines, Coniston, Cumbria, England
Bamfylde mine, Devon, England
Ball Eye quarry, Bosnal, Derbyshire, England
Crossgill Mine, Frizington, Cumbria, England
Dale Head Mine, Newlands Valley, Cumbria, England
Brownley Hill Pb-Zn mine, Nenthead, Cumbria, England
Buckbarrow Beck Veins, Waberthwaite, Cumbria, England
Brandholme Mine, Glenderaterra Valley, Cumbria, England
Monsols, Rhône, Rhône-Alpes, France
Rabéjac quarry, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
Cap Garonne, Le Pradet, Var, France
Mas d'Alary, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
Huelgoat, Poullaouen, Brittany, France
Bousiéyas, Alpes-Maritimes, France
Le Vialas, Lozère, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
Roua mine, Guillaumes, Alpes-Maritimes, France
Tistoulet mine, Padern, Aude, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
Trimouns Talc mine, Ariège, Midi-Pyrénées, France
Falgayrolles, Aveyron, Midi-Pyrénées, France
Chessy-les-Mines, Rhône, Rhône-Alpes, France
La Pacaudière, Le Crozet, Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France
Stahlberg mine, Kohlberg, Trusetal, Bad Salzungen, Thüringen, Germany
Ochsenhütte, Granestausee, Goslar, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
St. Andreasberg, Hartz Mts, Niedersachsen, Germany
Daniel mine, Schneeberg, Sachsen, Germany
Anna mine, Oberharmersbach, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Anton mine, Heubachtal, Wittichen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Eberhard mine, Alpirsbach, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Nesselgrund quarry, Schnellbach, Bad Salzungen, Thüringen, Germany
Artenberg quarry, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Wenzel mine, Oberwolfach, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Friedenstein mine, Ruhla, Bad Salzungen, Thüringen, Germany
Gangzug Prinzbach, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Floßberg mine, Bad Lauterberg, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
Uranlagerstatte Mullenbach, Baden-Baden, Germany
Alte Gabe Gottes, Reinerzau, Alpirsbach, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Ferdinand mine, Alpirsbach, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Amalienstollen mine, Nordrachtal, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Geigeshalde / Falkenstein, Schramberg, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Glücksrad mine, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
Glückauf mine, Bad Grund, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
Waldstadion, Schramberg, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Kirchheimerstollen, Müllenbach, Baden-Baden, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Königswart, Freudenstadt, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Winterberg quarry, Bad Grund, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
Silberbrünnle mine, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Christophstal, Freudenstadt, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Clara mine, Oberwolfach, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Otto mine, Schottenhöfen, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Schweina-Glücksbrunn, Bad Liebenstein, Eisenach, Thüringen, Germany
Rammelsberg mine, Goslar, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
Rötenbach quarry, Alpirsbach, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Biseschacht am Iberg, Bad Grund, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
Bärensteinbruch quarry, Radautal, Bad Harzburg, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
Herzog-Julius-Hütte, Goslar, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
Michelsberg mine, Gutachtal, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Hilfe Gottes mine, Wiemannsbucht, Bad Grund, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
Kochenfeld mine, Trusetal, Bad Salzungen, Thüringen, Germany
Kafersteige mine, Pforzheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Lautenthaler Hütte, Langelsheim, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
Johannis Segen mine, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Hallwangen, Freudenstadt, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Hennenloch mine, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Hühn mine, Trusetal, Bad Salzungen, Thüringen, Germany
Hechtsberg quarry, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Johann mine, Wittichen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Beach mine, Sounion, Attica, Greece
Kamaréza Central mine, Laurion, Attica, Greece
Hilarion adit, Agios Konstandinos, Laurion, Attica, Greece
Chondro Vuono, Milos, Kikladhes, Southern Aegean, Greece
Ivigtut, Arsuk Fjord, Greenland
Winterswijk, Gelderland, Holland
Rudabanya, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Hungary
Killiney, Co. Dublin, Ireland
Ross Island, Lough Leane, Co. Kerry, Ireland
Dhurode, Co. Cork, Ireland
Silvermines district, Co. Tipperary, Ireland
Cappagh mine, Ballydehob, Co. Cork, Ireland
Coosheen mine, Ballydehob, Co. Cork, Ireland
Tynagh mine, Co. Galway, Ireland
South Bradda Mine, Port Erin, Bradda Head, Isle of Man
Ballacorkish Mine, Colby, Bradda, Isle of Man
North Bradda Mine, Port Erin, Bradda Head, Isle of Man
Seravezza, Tuscany, Italy
Val Graveglia, Liguria, Italy
Is Murvonis Mine, Domusnovas, Iglesias district, Sardinia, Italy
Mount Vesuvius, Naples, Campania, Italy
Monte Copello-Reppia Prospect, Val Graveglia, Liguria, Italy
Carrara, Tuscany, Italy
Taehwa mine, Neungam-ri, Angseong-myeon, Chungju, Chungcheongbukdo, South Korea
Khaidarkan deposit, Kyrgyzstan
Chaidarkan, Alai, Kyrgyzstan
Chauvay, Alai, Kyrgyzstan
Concepcion de Oro, Zacatecas, Mexico
Matehuala, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
Mina Ojuela, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico
Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico
Hidalgo de Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico
Batopilas district, Chihuahua, Mexico
Boleo, Santa Rosalia, Baja California, Mexico
Bou Skour mine, Jebel Sarhro, Ouarzazate, Morocco
Touissit, Oujda, Morocco
Sidi Ayed, Mid Atlas Mts., Morocco
Nosib mine, Otavi, Namibia
Kombat mine, Tsumeb, Otavi, Namibia
Guchab-Rodgerberg area, Otavi, Namibia
Abaneb West mine, Otavi, Namibia
Finsterbergen Prospect, Otavi, Namibia
Emke mine, Ongonja, Namibia
Berg Aukas, Otavi, Namibia
Tsumeb, Namibia
Tsumeb West Vanadium mine, Otavi, Namibia
Tsumeb mine, Tsumeb, Otavi, Namibia
Tschudi mine, Otavi, Namibia
Kongsberg, Buskerud, Norway
Naesmark Gruve, Amdals Verk, Tokke, Telemark, Norway
Buö, Arendal, Froland, Aust-Agder, Norway
Evje-Ivedal, Iveland, Aust-Agder, Norway
Mutnovskoe, Kamchatka, Russia
Dal'negorsk, Primorskiy Kray, Russia
Dodo mine, Polar Urals, Tyumen Oblast, Russia
Polar Urals, Tyumen Oblast, Russia
Puiva, Saranpual, Polar Urals, Russia
Rodnikovoe, Kamchatka, Russia
Kilmartin Copper Mine, Argyll & Bute, Scotland
Leadhills-Wanlockhead district, Strathclyde/Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
Loanhead quarry, near Beith, Strathclyde, Scotland
Carsaig Bay, Carsaig, Isle of Mull, Scotland
Caulkerbush, Dalbeattie, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
Wha Taing, Burray Isle, Orkney, Scotland
Coire Buidhe, Glen Creran, Argyll & Bute, Scotland
Kilchrist Marble Quarries, near Broadford, Isle of Skye, Scotland
Colvend Mine, Dumfries & Galloway, Scotland
Sligachan quarry, Sligachan, Isle of Skye, Scotland
Meadowfoot Smelter, Wanlockhead, Dumfries & Galloway, Scotland
Auchencat Burn, Nr. Moffat, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
Horners vein, Leadhills, Scotland
Hartfield Moss, Strathclyde, Scotland
Waygate Shaft, Straitstep Vein, Wanlockhead, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
Rhuba a'Mhill, Isle of Islay, Scotland
Iron/copper trial, Kilchrist, Broadford, Isle of Skye, Scotland
Boyleston Quarry, Barrhead, Glasgow, Scotland
Dollar Mine, Central Scotland, Scotland
Mannoch Hill Mine, Lesmahgow, South Lanarkshire, Scotland
Pezinok Mine, Malé Karpaty Mts, Slovakia
N'Chwaning II mine, Kalahari, Cape Province, South Africa
Messina, Transvaal, South Africa
Horcajo mines, Ciudad Real, Spain
Rio Tinto mines, Huelva, Spain
Sierra del Cadi, Lerida, Spain
Mt Cherbadung, Binntal, Valais, Switzerland
Mürtschenalp, Glarus, Switzerland
Lengenbach quarry, Binntal, Valais, Switzerland
Cavradi-Schlucht, Graubünden, Switzerland
Clay Mine, Morenci, Greenlee Co., Arizona, USA
Callahan mine, Brooksville, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
Campbell shaft, Bisbee, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Carpenter Mine, New Albany, Bradford Co., Pennsylvania, USA
Centennial Eureka mine, Tintic distr., Juab Co, Utah, USA
Centennial Mine, Calumet, Houghton Co., Michigan, USA
Chalk Mountain Mine, Spruce Pine, Mitchell Co., North Carolina, USA
Chester Emery mine, Chester, Hampden Co., Massachusetts, USA
Chino ore body, Central Mining District, Grant Co., Nevada, USA
Copper Hill Area mines, Ducktown, Polk Co., Tennessee, USA
Christmas Mine, Hayden, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
Denny Mountain Area, King Co., Washington, USA
Cornwall, Lebanon Co., Pennsylvania, USA
Crystal Pass, Ray, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA
Mohawk mine, San Bernardino Co., California, USA
Monte Cristo District, Snohomish Co., Washington, USA
Monumemt Valley #1 Mine, Monument Valley Area, Coconino Co., Arizona, USA
Morenci, Greenlee Co., Arizona, USA
Copper Knob Mine, Ashenty, North Carolina, USA
Copper Mt pegmatite district, Fremont Co., Wyoming, USA
Copper Prince mine, Crook Co., Wyoming, USA
Copper Queen Mine, Bisbee, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Copper Rock/Ward District, Nederland, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
Courtland-Gleeson District, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Crestmore Quarry, Crestmore, Riverside Co., California, USA
Crisman, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
Clegg Mine, Bennett, Chatam Co., North Carolina, USA
Cliff mine, near Eagle Harbor, Keweenaw Co., Michigan, USA
General Area, Jasper & Newton counties, Missouri, USA
Grandview mine, Grand Canyon, Coconino Co., Arizona, USA
Galena/Baxter Springs/Lawton, Cherokee Co., Kansas, USA
Hanover #2 mine, Hanover-Fierro district, Grant Co., New Mexico, USA
Hartville iron-copper district, Platte Co., Wyoming, USA
Hartville Uplift Copper district, Goshen Co., Wyoming, USA
Hilltop mine, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Osceola/Mohawk/Iroquois/Clark/Delaware Mine etc, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA
Esterbrook copper district, Albany Co., Wyoming, USA
Iron Blossom Mine, Tintic District, Juab Co., Utah, USA
Dexter quarry, Lincoln, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
Grand Reef mine, Laurel Canyon, Aravaipa mining distr., Graham Co., Arizona, USA
Grand Deposit mine, White Pine Co., Nevada, USA
Goshen, Lane Co., Oregon, USA
Clifton, Arizona, USA
Clifton, Tooele Co., Utah, USA
Clip mine, Yuma, Yuma Co., Arizona, USA
Cole shaft, Bisbee, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Colorado Mine, Morenci District, Greenlee Co., Arizona, USA
Conklin quarry, Lincoln, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
Chloride mine, Yuma Co., Arizona, USA
Granite Creek, Lolo Hot Springs Area (MIssoula arae), Granite Co., Montana, USA
Globe, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
Gold Hill District, Gold Hill, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
Gold Hill mine, Tooele Co., Utah, USA
Diamond Hill/Sneech Pond Copper Mines, Cumberland, Rhode Island, USA
Mineral, Mineral Co., Virginia, USA
West York, York Co., Pennsylvania, USA
Majuba Hill mine, Pershing Co., Nevada, USA
Mammoth-St. Anthony mine, Tiger, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA
Manhan Lead Silver Mine, Southampton, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts, USA
Lubec Lead mine, Lubec, Washington Co., Maine, USA
Italian Mt. Area, Aspen, Gunnison Co., Colorado, USA
Jarilla Mountains, Orogrande District, Otero Co., New Mexico, USA
Jay Gould Mine Wood River District, Bellevue, Blaine Co., Idaho, USA
Jelm Mt copper district, Albany Co., Wyoming, USA
Jensen Quarry, Riverside Co., California, USA
Jomac Uranium mine, San Juan Co., Utah, USA
Jones Mine, Caernarvon Township, Berks Co., Pennsylvania, USA
Magruder mica Mine, Washington, Wilkes Co., Georgia, USA
Magma Mine, Superior, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA
Magdalena district, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
White Camp Area, Utah, USA
Mackay, Custer Co., Idaho, USA
Orogrande, Otero Co., New Mexico, USA
Liberty Copper/Dolly Hyde Copper Mines, Libertytown, Fredrick Co., Maryland, USA
Lincoln, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
Live Oak Mine, Inspiration, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
Loon Lake, Stevens Co., Washington, USA
Loudville Lead Mine, Loudville, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts, USA
Lexington, Davidson Co., North Carolina, USA
Lusk, Wyoming, USA
Lewis/Adams/Washington/NezPerce/Idaho Counties, Seven Devils Mining District, Idaho, USA
Josephine Creek, Galice District, Josephine Co., Oregon, USA
Liberty Bell and Washington Pass, Okanogan Co., Washington, USA
Old Dominium, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
Old Wheatley Mine, Phoenixville, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USA
Old Yuma Mine, Tuscon Area, Pima Co., Arizona, USA
Omega Mine, Pima Co., Arizona, USA
Mex-Tex mine, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
Holmes, Albany Co., Wyoming, USA
Mascot Mine, Gorham, Coos Co., New Hampshire, USA
McLaughlin's Ledge, Cumberland, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
Memphis Mine, Organ district, Dona Ana Co., New Mexico, USA
Marion, Smyth Co., Virginia, USA
mica Lode/Meyers/School Section Mines/etc, Royal Gorge Area, El Paso Co., Colorado, USA
Okimah, Okfuskee Co., Oklahoma, USA
New Rambler copper-gold-platinum district, Albany Co., Wyoming, USA
New Cornelia Mine, Ajo, Pima Co., Arizona, USA
Marion/Salem/Princeton, Crittendon Co., Kentucky, USA
Keystone-Douglas Creek gold-copper district, Albany Co., Wyoming, USA
Kirwin copper district, Park Co., Wyoming, USA
La Motte/Missouri Cobalt Mine, Fredrick, Madison Co., Missouri, USA
La Sal, San Jean Co., Utah, USA
Laurel Hill (Snake Hill), Secaucus/Bergen Hill Area, Hudson Co., New Jersey, USA
Lavender Open Pit Mine, Bisbee, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Nacimiento Mine, Sandoval Co., New Mexico, USA
Manton, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
Mountain City Copper Mine, Elko Co., Nevada, USA
Morenci-Metcalf, Clifton, Greenlee Co., Arizona, USA
Mineral Mts. Area, Milford, Beaver Co., Utah, USA
Victory Mine, Cave-in-Rock, Hardin Co., Illinois, USA
Sneech Pond Copper mine, Cumberland, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
Snow/Sackett/Marcia/Old/Melvin/Wright Mines etc, Chester, Hampden Co., Massachusetts, USA
Torpedo Mine, Dona Ana Co., New Mexico, USA
Tilly Foster Mine, Brewster, Putnam Co., New York, USA
South Juanita Mine, Magdalena district, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
Southwest mine, Bisbee, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Sterling Hill and Franklin Furnace, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
Stinkingwater copper district, Park Co., Wyoming, USA
Strong copper mine, Albany Co., Wyoming, USA
Butte General Area, Montana, USA
Caballos Mts., Caballo, Sierra Co., New Mexico, USA
Silver Hill, Davidson Co., North Carolina, USA
Silver Hill Mine, Tuescon arera, Pima Co., Arizona, USA
Silver Crown copper district, Laramie Co., Wyoming, USA
Waldo District, Josephine Co., Oregon, USA
Shirley Ann claim, Big Dodd Spring, Ubehebe distr., Inyo Co., California, USA
Sunburst Mine, Surry, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
Wilson's Quarry, Plainfield, Union Co., New Jersey, USA
Wood Copper Mine, micaville, Cleburne Co., Alabama, USA
Zaca Mine, Monitor-Mogal District, Alpine Co., California, USA
Zinc Hill Mine, Darwin Area, Inyo Co., California, USA
Westmorelan, Cheshire Co., New Hampshire, USA
Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
Silver Cliff mine, Niobrara Co., Wyoming, USA
Silver Coin Mine, Humboldt Co., Nevada, USA
American Copper Mine, Bridgewater, Somerset Co., New Jersey, USA
Bound Brook Quarry, Bridgewater, Somerset Co., New Jersey, USA
Apache Mine, near Globe, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
Arlington Quarry etc, Leesburg, Loudoun Co., Virginia, USA
Asbestos Peak, Globe, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
Bachelor Mine, Creede, Mineral Co., Colorado, USA
Bagley Ledge/Galand/Larrabec/Luchance Mines, Brunswick Township, Oxford Co., Maine, USA
Alaska mine, Seven Devils district, Adams Co., Idaho, USA
Beacon Pole Hill/Iron Mine Hill/Diamond Hill etc, Cumberland Area, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
Benson Mines, Newton Falls/Star Lake, St.Lawrence Co., New York, USA
Bigger Pegmatite/Malachite Mines, Morrison, Jefferson Co., Colorado, USA
Bisbee, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Black Pine Mine, Phillipsburg, Granite Co., Montana, USA
Andover Iron Mines, Andover, Morris Co., New York, USA
Amethyst lode, Creede, Mineral Co., Colorado, USA
Bayer-Mingolla Quarry, Ashland, Norfolk Co., Massachusetts, USA
79 Mine, Banner District, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
Blanchard Mine, Bingham, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
Blue Bell Mine, Baker, San Bernardino Co., California, USA
Blue Berry Mt., Woburn, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts, USA
Blue Mountain, Virginia, USA
Blueball mine, near Globe, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
Bob Montgomery Mine, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico
Bridgeport Dolomite Quarry, Bridgeport, Montgomery Co., Pennsylvania, USA
Bristol Copper Mine, Bristol, Hartford Co., Connecticut, USA
Bristol Silver Mine, Pioche, Lincoln Co., Nevada, USA
Burro Mountain Area, Central District, Grant Co., New Mexico, USA
Bare Hills, Baltimore, Baltimore Co., Maryland, USA
Unionville, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USA
Dome Rock Mts. Area, La Paz, Yuma Co., Arizona, USA
Ore Knob Copper Mine, Ashe, Ashe Co., North Carolina, USA
San Manuel mine, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA
Silver Bell mine, Gleeson, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Ruby Hill Area, Eureka, Eureka Co., Nevada, USA
Rush, Marion Co., Arkansas, USA
Ross Hannibal mine, Lawrence Co., South Dakota, USA
Saginaw Hill, Pima Co., Arizona, USA
Rose mine, Grant Co., New Mexico, USA
San Pedro Mine, Hiriart Hill, San Diego Co., California, USA
Santa Rita mine, Silver City, New Mexico, USA
Santa Rita Pit, Grant Co., New Mexico, USA
Elk Knob, Boone, Watauga Co., North Carolina, USA
Galena King Mine, Tijeras Canyon district, Bernalillo Co., New Mexico, USA
French Creek Mines, Knauertown, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USA
Durango, La Plata Co., Colorado, USA
East Tintic Mine, Juab Co., Utah, USA
Eberle Mine, Cobb, Iowa Co., Wisconsin, USA
General Area, Picher/Commerce/Quapaw/Miami/Peoria, Ottowa Co., Oklahoma, USA
Encampment copper district, Carbon Co., Wyoming, USA
Czar shaft, Bisbee, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Evergreen mine, near Apex, Gilpin Co., Colorado, USA
Fat Jack mine, Lane Mt., Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
Fernando Mine/etc, Darwin District, Inyo Co., California, USA
Flambeau mine, Ladysmith, Rusk Co., Wisconsin, USA
Franciscan Formation, Panoche Valley, California, USA
Scotty Mine, Newry Township, Oxford Co., Maine, USA
Union Copper/Pioneers/Cosley's/McMalzin's etc, Area mines, Cabarrus Co., North Carolina, USA
Ray mine, Pina Co., Arizona, USA
Red Cloud Mine, Trego Mts., La Paz Co., Arizona, USA
Red Mountain District, Mendocino Co., California, USA
Redmond Prospect, Haywood Co., North Carolina, USA
Reed/Bechtel/Snively/Russel/Bingham, Adams Co., Pennsylvania, USA
Renfro Valley, Rockcastle Co., Kentucky, USA
Reymert Mine, Near Superior, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA
Providence, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
White Mt. Silver & Lead mine, Shelburne, Coos Co., New Hampshire, USA
Trail Creek mine area, Converse Co., Wyoming, USA
Twin Buttes, Pima Co., Arizona, USA
Silver Bill mine, Gleeson, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Quarry, Rocky Hill, Somerset Co., New Jersey, USA
Royal Gorge Area, Fremont Co., Colorado, USA
Sedalia Copper Mine, Sedalia, Chaffee Co., Colorado, USA
Shattuck mine, Bisbee, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Sheep Mt mine, Albany Co., Wyoming, USA
Sherman Mine, Leadville, Lake Co., Colorado, USA
Sacramento pit, Bisbee, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
Rawley Mine, Thebna, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USA
Paoli Area, Garvin Co., Oklahoma, USA
Parrot Jasper Mine, Milton, Chittenden Co., Vermont, USA
Payson, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
Peach Bottom Mine, Stratford, Alleghany Co., North Carolina, USA
Perry Trapprock locality, Perry, Washington Co., Maine, USA
Phelps Dodge Morenci Mine, Morenci, Greenlee Co., Arizona, USA
Frongoch, ??
Great Ormes Head Mine, Llandudno, Gwynedd, Wales
Great Ormes Head Mine, Llandudno, Wales
Gwaith Yr Afon mine, Penbontrhydybeddau, Trefeirig, Dyfed, Wales
Hafan Mine, Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
Hendre Felen Mine, Ysbyty Ystwyth, Dyfed, Wales
Henfwlch Mine, Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
Esgairfraith Mine, Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
Esgair Mwyn Mine, Ysbyty Ystwyth, Upper Gwnnws,Dyfed, Wales
Esgair Hir mine, Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
Dylife Mine, Dylife, Machynlleth, Powys, Wales
Geufron Mine, Llanidloes, Powys, Wales
Machen Quarry, Machen, Mid Glamorgan, Wales
Lodge Park Trial, Tre'r-ddol,Dyfed, Wales
Llettyhen Mine (Vaughan), Bontgoch, Tirymynach, Dyfed, Wales
Llangynog Mine, Llangynog, Powys, Wales
Llechwedd Helyg mine, Tir-y-Mynach, Dyfed, Wales
Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Dyfed, Wales
Ystrad Einion Mine, Furnace, Ysgubor-y-coed, Dyfed, Wales
Dolyhir Quarry, Powys, Wales
Bwlchrehennaid Mine (Level Newydd), Goginan, Tirymynach, Dyfed, Wales
Bwlch Glas Mine, Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
Bute Quarry, South Glamorgan, Wales
Britannia mine, Snowdonia, Wales
Bontddu trial level, Bontddu, Gwynedd, Wales
Castell Mine, Ponterwyd, Dyfed, Wales
Drws-y-Coed mine, Llandwrog, Gwynedd, Wales
Penrhiw mine, Ystumtuen, Dyfed, Wales
Parys Mountain mine, Anglesey, Wales
Snowbrook Mine, Llanidloes, Powys, Wales
Darren Mine, Penbontrhydybeddau, Parcel Canol, Dyfed, Wales
Mynach Vale Mine,Devil's Bridge,Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn,Dyfed, Wales
Mynydd Gorddu Mine, Bontgoch, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
Nant-y-Cagel mine (Eagle Brook), Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
Nant-y-Car Mine, Rhayader, Powys, Wales
Pant-y-Gaseg Mine, Anglesey, Wales
Kambowe, Shaba, Zaire
Kamoto East mine, Kolwezi, Shaba, Zaire
Kamoya mine, Shaba, Zaire
Katanga, Shaba, Zaire
Kipushi mine, Lubumbashi, Shaba, Zaire
Kolwezi mine, Kolwezi, Shaba, Zaire
Musonoi mine, Kolwezi, Shaba, Zaire
Lubumbashi, Shaba, Zaire
Shagulowe Mine, Katanga (Shaba), Zaire
Tantara, Shaba, Zaire
Mashamba West mine, Shaba, Zaire
Mindouli, Congo, Zaire
Fitula mine, Zambia
Bwana M'Kubwa, Ndola, Zambia
Bwana M'Kubina mine, Ndola, Zambia
Mufulira mine, Zambia
Broken Hill mine, Kabwe, Zambia

Usos

Se emplea como mena de cobre, pero también ciertas variedades han sido empleadas como material ornamental y mineral gema. Es empleada como piedra ornamental para la obtención de objetos diversos, como cajas, perfumeros, mangos de cubiertos, candeleros,... En joyería se utiliza en forma redondeada o bien ovalada, con talla en cabujón o en botón.

Bibliografía y más información

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, vol. 145, p.412, (1977)